The Effect of Terrorism on Human Rights The Clash between the human rights advocates and victims of terrorism

Theoretical Over the ongoing past, the issue of fear mongering has raised a significant security worry on the planet. This has expanded the need to have successful counter fear mongering measures.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on The Effect of Terrorism on Human Rights: The Clash between the human rights backers and casualties of psychological warfare explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the battle against psychological oppression has prompted debate between the measures taken by the state counter fear based oppression panel and the perspectives on human right associations. In this investigation, we try to discover the ramifications of psychological oppression on human rights and its effect on worldwide security. The conversation starts with a prologue to the general issue of psychological warfare and its suggestion on human rights. The inquiry whether human rights are being disregarded by counter-fear based oppression estimates will be bas ically broke down all through this examination. At long last, some consideration has been given to address the counter fear based oppression quantifies that are actualized to address the national and worldwide security. All the while, there are human right issues that emerge from the examinations, detainment, and the arraignment of the fear based oppression suspects. Presentation and the Problem Statement and examination question Over the previous decade, the issue of psychological oppression has been one of the significant worries in numerous nations. Instances of dread have expanded altogether; this is a reality that represents a significant test to human rights as it raises issues for casualties and culprits the same. There is in this way a need to have a basic investigation of fear based oppression and human right issues encompassing the bad habit. Fear based oppression can be considered as a bad habit since it is against the essential human rights. This examination looks to giv e a definite investigation on this issue of psychological oppression and the contrasting perspectives on how it ought to be alleviated. Instances of psychological oppression have expanded altogether over the ongoing past the same number of guiltless individuals lost their lives. So as to moderate the psychological oppression exercises, numerous nations have put exacting measures on people suspected to be engaged with the bad habit. This raises further issues on the conclusion that people saw as associated with fear mongering reserve the option to be treated in the correct way as individuals from the human family (High Commissioner for Human Rights 3).Advertising Looking for exposition on political theories? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The exploration will have an arrangement suggestion. It will give the approach creators the fundamental data which may assume a vital job in plan of the best strategies. This investigation will likewise give a profound comprehension of the issue of fear based oppression and its suggestion on human rights. For this situation, a significant inquiry we have to pose is whether the two governments just as Human Rights associations have adequately responded in the correct manner to fear based oppression. That is, the methodology which doesn't damage the privileges of both the people in question and the culprits. Human Rights associations have the duty to guarantee that the legislatures and other counter fear based oppression authorities regard the human rights and the law in their battle against psychological warfare. The human rights associations likewise have a significant task to carry out in meaning of fear mongering at the universal level and furthermore take an interest in proposing the most ideal manner by which the issue ought to be dealt with (International Council on Human Rights Policy 2011: 10). There is a requirement for the promoters to have a reasonable and justifiable remain on the issue of fear based oppression so as to concoct the best method to alleviate psychological oppression. Gani and Mathew (2008: 142) saw that there is a need to have a cutting edge approach towards the war against fear mongering. For example, fear based oppressors have changed their strategies and ways to deal with execute dread. There is a need to have a further developed security check in air terminals and ports to forestall trade of risky weapons between nations. It is likewise important to have orchestrated lawful structures so as to improve the productivity while managing dread cases that includes cross outskirt issues. As effectively noticed, the issue of psychological warfare has a basic human rights suggestion both for the people in question and the culprits. The measures required with an end goal to alleviate psychological oppression has raised basic human rights issues.Advertising We will compose a custom thesis test on The Effect of Terrorism on Hu man Rights: The Clash between the human rights backers and survivors of fear mongering explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, new methods for controlling the development of individuals starting with one spot then onto the next has basic human right issues since a portion of the methods applied are believed to disregard their development rights (Australian Human Rights Commission 2011: standard 4). In the contemporary world, the degree of innovation has fundamentally expanded. Connection between different pieces of the world has additionally escalated because of expanded proficiency in correspondence. This makes it simpler to identify any plans of dread before it is executed. This has introduced a significant improvement in the war against dread. In the mean time, a few bodies are upholding for utilization of equitable techniques in the battle against fear based oppression (Weinberg 2008: 80). This has expanded security dangers from fear based oppression both at worldwide and the national levels (Antonio and Sã ¡nchez 2009: 36). It has likewise raised a worry on infringement of fundamental human rights both through the demonstration and furthermore through the way toward moderating the demonstration itself. For example, psychological warfare cases may rise when exorbitant accentuation is put on majority rule systems in relieving fear. As prior referenced, there are various types of fear based oppression which can be recognized for this situation. One sort of psychological warfare is strict fear mongering. This is a sort of psychological oppression where strict fear mongers assault countless individuals whom they allude to as their adversaries. A portion of the strict fear bunches incorporate Hezbollah, Al Qaeda and Hamas. Narcoterrorism is another basic sort of fear based oppression. This is the sort of fear based oppression which includes drugs. Different sorts of fear mongering incorporate the state supported psychological warfar e. Various People have up with fluctuating typologies trying to comprehend the issue of psychological oppression. Lockinger classifies psychological oppression as per the players who are included. Lockinger classifies fear mongering dependent on the entertainers in question, means and strategies utilized, thought processes just as the land run (Schmid 2011: 173). As far as land run, there can be either household or global fear mongering (Schmid 2011: 173).Advertising Searching for paper on political theories? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Residential psychological warfare is the sort of fear mongering where the fear based oppression exercises are led by the individuals from inside the nation. This is against universal psychological oppression where the culprits might be from an outside nation. As far as the techniques utilized, ter4rorism can be delegated self destruction fear based oppression, Cyber psychological warfare, bio-fear mongering, atomic fear based oppression and compound fear mongering (Schmid 2011: 173). This investigation tries to look at the clashing issues on the best way to deal with handle the psychological oppression culprits. There are clashing thoughts on human rights concerning how the culprits ought to be treated from their judgment to their preliminary. At the end of the day, the investigation will help in seeing better the issue of wrongdoing and its moderation. Exploration Question Which contrasts brings about deciding the best way to deal with moderate psychological oppression? At the end o f the day, this investigation looks to analyze the issues on human rights that emerge from the intercession to battle psychological warfare. Writing Review Several examinations have been done on the ramifications of the human rights on the psychological oppression exercises. This writing looks to recognize the principle commitments on the issue after which holes on these examinations will be distinguished. The writing surveyed will be valuable in addressing the exploration question. In the contemporary world, instances of psychological warfare have altogether expanded. This has represented an incredible danger to the human rights. This is on the grounds that the issue of psychological oppression raises basic human rights worry from the two viewpoints. There are basic human rights worries to both the casualties just as the culprits of psychological oppression (Strossen 2003: 7). The idea of human rights can be followed back in 1948 through the Universal Declaration of the human right s (Zalman 2011: standard 1). This includes both individual and aggregate human rights. This uncovers the significance of watching the issues of human rights in the battle against fear based oppression. Move of Terrorist Suspects The exchange of people who are suspected for psychological militant exercises has huge ramifications on the human rights and global relations. The exchange if fear suspects can fundamentally influence universal relations. For example, the procedure where the activity is led might be believed to disregard the fundamental human rights. It is important to have coordination between the nations required to guarantee that here is requirement for the fear suspects to be moved in an increasingly straightforward manner which is predictable with the human rights at both universal and the national levels. As indicated by the lawful rights, prisoners reserve the privilege to be informed about the purpose behind their detainment and the offense they are charged for (Offi ce of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human rights 2008: 825). They ought to likewise be permitted to get to lawful guidance. At the national level, the national specialists have the obligation of guaranteeing that all the human rights and move or confinement are as per the worldwide law. For this situation, the past investigations have neglected to think about the distinctions and the likenesses on the different methodologies applied

Another Day on the Ice free essay sample

It was simply one more Bruins game that my father had gotten tickets for against the Montreal Canadians. It was a significant game and each time I watch or hear hockey being referenced for the duration of the day, I review a memory. From the second the puck dropped, the memory in my psyche sprung up like normal. These recollections that spring up are called flashbacks. Regardless, these flashbacks happen constantly in our lives each day of our lives. Flashbacks for me happen a great deal for the duration of the day when something I see helps me to remember that awful day. Sitting at this Bruins game watching them go here and there the ice, raised this memory. At the point when I woke up that day, everything was typical. I did my stretches, ate a pasta supper, drank 3 glasses of water, secured my stick and kicked the soccer ball around. It was a significant day; I had a major hockey game that decided whether we would make the end of the season games. We will compose a custom paper test on One more Day on the Ice or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Going to the arena, all my father said to me was to, â€Å"keep my head up† if there should be an occurrence of any hits coming my direction since I have had various blackouts previously. In the storage space, everything felt similar children were pressing lips. Nothing had changed, and my blueprint was to go out there and play how I play each other round of the period. Warm ups traveled every which way, and before I knew it the game was beginning. Hearing the sharp edges bite up that new sheet of ice made me on edge to get out there and play. My chance to get out on the ice, I bounce the sheets and I can feel my stream flop with the breeze from the arena as I skate up to my goalie. I get the puck pass it to one side wing and head into the opponent’s zone. I go to the hash blemishes on the correct side of the ice and put a shot on objective which discovered its way into the net. All the fervor got my heart beating and I could hear a thunder from the group since I scored just two minutes into the game. We won the faceoff and dumped the puck into the opponent’s zone. I went down to get the puck confronting the sheets and before I knew it there was a boisterous break and I was out. I woke up with the sound of an emergency vehicle turning my psyche continuing forever. My first nature I had was to move my legs, and I couldn’t. I attempted to turn my neck, and I couldn’t. What used to be a great day simply transformed into a downright terrible one. My mom was sitting close to me holding my hands all that I saw was a haze. Everything I could hear the EMT saying was, â€Å"he might be paralyzed.† I was unable to talk in light of the fact that my mouth was lashed up. I felt like a pitbull with a gag on. I dropped for a subsequent time and when I woke up, my family was encompassing me in the clinic room. The principal thing I was advised to do was to move my legs and when I at long last would it be able to was the most joyful I h ave ever been a major part of my life. I was unable to move my neck on account of the monstrous, ugly neck support I was wearing. I didn't recall a thing that occurred so when I asked my father what did he stated, â€Å"You got hit from behind face-first into the sheets. Your protective cap split into equal parts in view of how hard you were hit.† Shortly after the specialist came in with x-beams and said I had a broken vertebrae and a third degree blackout (the most exceedingly awful is fourth). Hours passed by and I was cleared to return home and recuperate. Each time I would get up from a seat, the world would begin turning and I would hurl alongside a downright awful cerebral pain. At the point when I returned home it felt like I hadn’t been there in a very long time, the day passed by so moderate and I had gotten news that we dominated the match and however I was frantic in light of the fact that I was out for the remainder of the year. My pullover was torn into e qual parts by the EMT’s and it was perched on my bed at home. With all my displeasure came a great deal of satisfaction since things could’ve have been a ton more regrettable and I could’ve wound up deadened. It was a supernatural occurrence and I will always remember that day. I was unquestionably a marvel on ice. When this flashback finished the third time frame was prepared to start. I experienced the entire initial two times of an outrageous contention without focusing to make sure I could review this memory. Each time I review this time in my life it sends chills down my spine. At the point when this at last cleared my psyche, I could proceed to watch the third time frame calmly.

100 Must-Read Books of the American Midwest

100 Must-Read Books of the American Midwest Recently, the Midwest lost one of its most prolific and wonderful writers Jim Harrison. If you havent had a chance to read any of his work, I highly encourage picking something up at your local used bookstore whenever you have a chance. Hes a great writer and one of the pioneers of what many people associate with Midwestern literature. His indelible mark on the literary scene in my home state of Michigan is undeniable. The Midwest produces a spectacular gamut of novelists, poets, essayists, collagists, etc. The region is home to some of the most established creative writing programs in the U.S., as well as a ton of awesome literary journals and quarterlies. The writers included on this list are connected to the region in various ways, some more loosely than others. A couple quick notes: -Not all of the books included on this list are inherently Midwestern. Many of the authors were born in the region, while others moved to teach there or wrote books that take place there. If something seems out of place, rest assured theres a connection, even if its not transparent. -My personal reading preferences lean toward fiction and poetry, leading to an under-representation of the Midwests fantastic nonfiction writers. -This is only a miniscule sampling of the Midwest. Sorry if I missed your favorite. Feel free to leave a polite note in the comments. -I did not include more than two works by any single author, even the ones I love and adore. Theyre in alphabetical order by first name and there is no ranking system. -This list is mainly designed to introduce a wide range of fantastic Midwestern literature rather than focus solely on canonized classics. -Disclaimer: As a native Michigander and current grad student in Northwesterns creative writing program, youll find slight biases toward authors related to those aspects of myself. Aleksander Hemon The Lazarus Project Alice Fulton Palladium (Worked at UMich at time of publication) Alice Randall The Wind Done Gone Angela Flournoy The Turner House (Set in Detroit) Annie Dillard Pilgrim at Tinker Creek  (Born in Pittsburgh. I constitute the west half of Pennsylvania as Midwest) Annie Dillard For The Time Being Barack Obama The Audacity of Hope Barack Obama Dreams from My Father Bonnie Jo Campbell American Salvage Bonnie Jo Campbell Q Road Carolyn Forche Blue Hour Catie Disabato The Ghost Network Chad Harbach The Art of Fielding Chester Himes If He Hollers Let Him Go (Missouri native) Chester Himes Blind Man with a Pistol Chigozie Obioma The Fishermen  (Did his MFA at UMich, also now teaches in the Midwest at U of Nebraska) David Foster Wallace Infinite Jest (Professor at Illinois State University at time of publication) Diane Seuss Wolf Lake, White Gown Blown Open Elizabeth Mccracken The Giants House Elmore Leonard Get Shorty Erik Larson The Devil in the White City Ernest Hemingway The Nick Adams Stories Ernest Hemingway In Our Time Ethan Canin A Doubters Almanac Eula Biss On Immunity: An Inoculation Eula Biss   Notes From No Mans Land Garrison Keillor Lake Wobegon Days Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn Gillian Flynn Gone Girl Gloria Stienem My Life on the Road Gwendolyn Brooks Annie Allen Gwendolyn Brooks Maud Martha Jack Gilbert Monolithos, Poems 1962 and 1982 (Another Pittsburgh native) Jane Smiley   A Thousand Acres Jeffrey Eugenides The Virgin Suicides Jeffrey Eugenides   Middlesex Jim Harrison Legends of the Fall Jim Harrison The Raw and the Cooked: Adventures of a Roving Gourmand John Williams Stoner Jonathan Franzen The Corrections Kali Vanbaale The Space Between Kent Haruf Plainsong Kurt Vonnegut Slaughterhouse Five Langston Hughes Not Without Laughter Langston Hughes The Weary Blues Laura Ingalls Wilder Little House on the Prairie Laura Kasischke Lilies Without Laura Kasischke Eden Springs Linda Gregerson Magnetic North Lorna Beers Prairie Fire Louise Erdich The Plague of Doves Louise Erdich The Round House Mardi Jo Link Bootstrapper Margaret Walker Jubilee Margaret Walker For My People Margo Jefferson Negroland (Born in Chicago) Margo Jefferson   On Michael Jackson Marilynne Robinson Housekeeping Marilynne Robinson Gilead Mark Twain The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Mark Twain Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Marlon James A Brief History of Seven Killings (Professor at Macalester College) Matt Bell Cataclysm Baby Matt Bell In the House upon the Dirt between the Lake and the Woods MFK Fisher Serve It Forth MFK Fisher Consider The Oyster Nam Le The Boat (Iowa Writers Workshop grad, read the first story in this collection and youll see why I counted it as Midwestern, though Les stories are set around the world) Nelson Algren The Man with the Golden Arm Nickolas Butler Shotgun Love Songs Patricia Hampl The Florists Daughter Rebecca Makkai The Hundred-Year House Richard Wright Native Son Robert Hayden Selected Poems by Robert Hayden Robert Hayden Collected Prose: Robert Hayden Ross Gay Against Which Ross Gay Catalog of Unabashed Gratitude Roxane Gay An Untamed State Sandra Cisneros The House on Mango Street Sandra Cisneros Women Hollering Creek and Other Stories Saul Bellow The Adventures of Augie March Sherwood Anderson Winesburg, Ohio Sinclair Lewis Main Street Sinclair Lewis Babbitt Steve Amick The Lake, The River, and The Other Lake Stuart Dybek The Coast of Chicago Ted Kooser Sure Signs Ted Kooser Winter Morning Walks: 100 Postcards to Jim Harrison Teju Cole Open City (Born in Kalamazoo and attended K College) Teju Cole Every Day is for The Thief Theodore Drieser Sister Carrie Theodore Roethke The Waking Theodore Roethke On Poetry and Craft: Selected Prose and Craft of Theodore Roethke Thomas McGuane Ninety-Two in the Shade Toni Morrison The Bluest Eye Toni Morrison Beloved Upton Sinclair The Jungle Wallace Stegner Angle of Repose Willa Cather My Antonia Willa Cather O Pioneers! William Gass The Tunnel William Gass Middle C Editors note: for selections where the Midwest connection wasnt obvious based on the authors birthplace or setting of the book, I asked the author to add a line of explanation. Thats why some books have those, but most do not. See our other 100 Must-Read Books of [Whatever place or genre] here!

Components of the Research Process Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Sample size and sampling strategy are important to the stage because of reliability and validity concerns that differ between quantitative and qualitative research. For a quantitative study, reliability and validity are significant and applied sampling strategies and size must ensure adequate representation of a study’s population for inferencing purposes(Mackey & Gass, 2011). Once a sample is selected, data collection stage follows and this involves implementation of developed design at stage two of a study. Identified data collection tools, at the design stage, are implemented at this stage and through data collection procedure that the design stage also outlines (Brennen, 2012). Once data is collected, research process moves into its fifth stage, data analysis stage. At the stage, collected data is evaluated for meanings on characteristics of investigated variables and possible relationships between the variables. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics such as regression analysis are important to the step (Stangor, 2014; Zackmund, et al. , 2012). Once data is analyzed, results are compared with derived information from background study and research questions answered or decision made on stated hypothesis. We will write a custom essay sample on Components of the Research Process or any topic specifically fo r you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This forms the discussion stage that also includes conclusion. Alignments of the Articles with the Six Steps The article, ‘The impact of white boarding on learning by secondary school biology students, ’ which Bush Diandra and Kelly Martin authored, exhibits the various steps of a research paper. Its introduction is one of the aligning features and corresponds to the first research step of definitions of research objectives through development of background information and establishment of significance of the study and its problem statement. Primary research, for example, established a problem in teaching and influenced the study on effectiveness of white boarding. The study’s methodology also outlines the research design, sampling, and data collection stages of a research. The article’s results section that depicts analysis outcomes also corresponds to the data analysis step of the research process while the discussion section corresponds with conclusion stage of research. The article therefore assumes the six stages of a research process (Bush & Kelly, 2004). C riswell’s article on ‘New dimensions in white’ however identifies with only the conclusion stage of the research process in which research results are discussed and conclusion made (Criswell, 2008).

Nucleation Definition (Chemistry and Physics)

The Scarlet Pimpernel Free Essays

orth As A The Scarlet Pimpernel: Sir Percy’s Worth as A Hero In the novel The Scarlet Pimpernel, written by Baroness Orczy, Sir Percy Blankley is able to deceive those he loves in order to save the lives of those he barely knows. Leading a double life, he acts as a fool of an English lord in order hide the fact that he is really a cunning, elusive man who goes by the name â€Å"The Scarlet Pimpernel. † When using this name to do his good deeds, Sir Percy risks his life in order to rescue French aristocracy. We will write a custom essay sample on The Scarlet Pimpernel or any similar topic only for you Order Now Everyone regards The Scarlet Pimpernel as a hero– he has all the characteristics of a hero about him, and they are very strong in his personality. Sir Percy is also very good at disguising his hero’s true identity, although he did have rather oblivious people around him. He was a hero who did what he needed to do proficiently and did so without unnecessary violence. During the 1790s, The French Revolution was tearing apart France. Commoners killed the very people they were to look to for leadership. Those aristocrats had been irresponsible and had spent taxes frivolously and now the commoners wanted justice. In England at that time, things were much different. The people were at peace and society was moving forward. The stark difference between these places provides excellent settings for the book, helping the reader realize the cruelty of the French peoples’ endless killing, as opposed to the serenity and peacefulness of England. Sir Percy could be described as many things. One of these characteristics is selflessness. It is shown how even the people around him could easily tell of how he would gladly sacrifice his life for theirs– â€Å"She looked at Sir Andrew with eager curiosity. The young man’s face had become almost transfigured. His eyes shone with enthusiasm; hero-worship, love, admiration for his leader seemed literally to glow upon his face. ‘The Scarlet Pimpernel, Mademoiselle,’ he said at last, ‘is the name of a humble English wayside flower; but I also the name chosen to hide the identity of the best and bravest man in all the world, so that he may better succeed in accomplishing the noble task he has set himself to do. ’ † (Orczy 34). Another fine example of this characteristic is from the perspective of one whom he rescues ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€œ â€Å"But the Comtesse shook her head, still incredulously. To her it seemed preposterous that these young men and their great leader, all of them rich, probably wellborn, and young, should for no other motive than sport, run the terrible risks, which she knew they were constantly doing. Their nationality, once they had set foot in France, would be no safeguard to them. Anyone found harbouring or assisting suspected royalists would be ruthlessly condemned and summarily executed, whatever his nationality might be. † (Orczy 35). Comtesse finds it so uncanny that a rich Englishman would waste his time and risk his life for people with whom he has no relationship. This kind of rare selflessness is easily comparable to that of the classic Marvel superhero Captain America– each of them would willingly give up his life if it meant another might live. The Scarlet Pimpernel demonstrates his bravery very well. He is willing to got to France in order to save his wife’s brother– â€Å" ‘You are not going to the North, I feel convinced†¦ There is some mystery†¦ and †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ‘Nay, there is no mystery, Madame,’ he replied, with a slight tone of impatience. ‘My business has to do with Armand†¦ there! Now, have I your leave to depart? ‘With Armand? †¦ But you will run no danger? ’ â€Å"Danger? I? †¦ Nay, Madame, your solicitude does me honour. As you say, I have some influence; my intention is to exert it before it be too late’ † (Orczy 136). He is unafraid to go to Armand’s aid, which the reader can find as extraordinary, seeing as how he woul d have to go up against the deadly French agent M. Chauvelin. He also sees the fact that his wife needs him to take action as an honor, and he carries out her requests with pride– â€Å" ‘You will come back? ’ she said tenderly. Very soon! ’ he replied, looking longingly into her blue eyes. ‘And†¦ you will remember? †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ she asked as her eyes, in response to his look, game him an infinity of promise. ‘I will always remember, Madame, that you have honoured me by commanding my services’ † (Orczy 138). His valor and fearlessness is uncommon, and can be respected. Such honor and bravery resembles that of Steve Jobs. He had a predetermined goal and a strong will to accomplish this task, daring to do what others thought was impossible and would not dare to do. A beautiful portrayal is of Sir Percy’s passion is when he is torn between the one he loves and doing his duty as the Scarlet Pimpernel– â€Å" ‘I pray you, Madame,’ he said, whilst his voice shook almost as much as hers, ‘in what way can I serve you? ’ † (Orczy 128). He knew he must return to France to help the Comte de Tournay, but yet such love and passion for his wife cannot be hidden. Because he cannot reveal the fact that he is the Scarlet Pimpernel to his beloved wife, he must act as a fool who does not have much feeling towards her [his wife], but when he has the chance, he shows affection in hat little was he can– â€Å"He was but a man madly, blindly, passionately in love, and as soon as her light footsteps had died away within the house, he knelt down upon the terrace steps, and in the very madness of his love he kissed one by one the places where her small foot had trodden, and the stone balustrade there, where her ti ny hand had rested last. † (Orczy 131). Such enthusiasm for something is very similar to Walt Disney’s passion to create a ‘perfect society’ for adults and children. He went above and beyond the duty he put before himself, just as Sir Percy did. The â€Å"elusive [Scarlet] Pimpernel† (Orczy 97) is surely a great hero. Having all of the ‘requirements’ and characteristics of a hero, he is able to spring into action– ready to save the day! He is not recognized by his enemies and is able to fulfill all of the tasks he puts before him. He is diligent at what he does and only uses force when necessary. With his 19 assistants by his side, he is able to save the lives of the French aristocracy and bring them to safety. Sir Percy Blankley, a. k. a. The Scarlet Pimpernel, is a hero– no doubt about it. How to cite The Scarlet Pimpernel, Papers

An Author and his work A Kid in King Arthurs Court Essay Example For Students

An Author and his work A Kid in King Arthurs Court Essay An Author and His Work :A Kid in King Arthers CourtResearch Term Paper An Author and His Work Mark Twainwas born Samuel Langhorne Clemens to John MarshalClemens and Jane Lampton Clemens. He was born onNovember 30, 1835 in a small city called Florida, Missouri,which had a population of one hundred people. I increasedthe population by one percent, he said. It is more than manyof the best men in history could have done for a town (Cox,7) Samuel, however did not live most of his life in Florida, butmoved around throughout his life. His family moved toHannibal, MO when he was four years old and that waswhere he went to school. For the reason that there were nopublic schools in Hannibal at the time, Sam was sent to aprivate school taught by Mrs. Horr. He had to leave thisschool at twelve years of age when his father died. Therewasnt much money left to support the Clemens after JohnClemens died so Sam was forced to be apprenticed to JosephAment. Ament owned a print shop and a newspaper call edHannibal Courier. Here was where Sam would cut the laststrings connecting him to his childhood and become much ofan adult. The apprenticeship led Samuel to fame and fortunein the future and opened his eyes to the world of literature. (Cox, 23) The death of Samuels father had a strong effect onhim. Although he wasnt very close to John, Sam felt guilt thathe hadnt been a better son to his father and promised hismother at the side of Johns body not to brake her heart andto be a better boy. (Cox, 23) His time spent in Aments shopwas not paid, but he was fed and clothed. He learned to settype and sometimes worked as reporter or assistant editor. Clemens found a great interest in reading during this time andhe truly read everything he could get his hands on. He alsobegan enjoying reading a large amount of history. Beingbrought up in a family of slaveholders, Clemens experienceda lot of brutality and injustice toward slaves. He was taughtthat it was completely normal and legal for white men to killniggers over an awkwardly done job and he didnt argue. However, as a little boy, he felt inside that what his father didwas wrong and immoral. Many incidents and adventures withslaves that young Sam witnessed wound up in his booksdecades later. Clemens left Aments shop and went to workwith Orion, his older brother, in 1851. His brother offered topay three and a half-dollars a week but money never seemedto be around. Orion owned a newspaper called the HannibalJournal and he hired both Sam and his younger brother Henryto be typesetters. However, Sam did more than typeset forOrion. He also wrote for the Journal occasionally. Usually hewrote humorous sketches, but sometimes he also wrotesatirical stories, local news reports, and poetry. Samuel firstused the pen name Mark Twain for his letters published in theVirginia City, Territorial Enterprise in 1863. Mark Twain is asteamboaters term meaning 2 fathoms or 12 feet of water. Samuels childhood was probably where many of his ideasand stories all originated. He used his adventures as a boy inmany novels, such as Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn, Life onthe Mississippi, and many others. There was an adventureeveryday during his life in Hannibal and his friends were justas mischievous as Sam was. The novel A Yankee in KingArthurs Court was strongly influenced by Mark Twains life. Itshowed the battle that was happening inside Twain betweenhis different feelings for slavery. It also showed Marks hatetowards any sort of authority. (Cox, 169) This was probablyprovoked by his early days with his slaveholding family. Hesaw many times as a child what authority could do toinnocent souls and it stayed in his heart for many decades. The Civil War broke out in 1861 and Samuel Clemensdecided to side with the Confederacy unlike his whole family. He joined a volunteering unit and fought with the MarionRangers for some time. Most of this time the small unit wasretreating and Sam said, I could have become a goodsoldier myself, if I had waited, I had got part of it learned, Iknew more about retreating than the man that inventedretreating. (Cox, 49) During his life, Mark Twain always hadsome trouble financially. He had had many jobs, but he wasoften in need of money. When he worked as a pilot on theMississippi, Twain was receiving no pay for he was anapprentice. During this time, he took a job watching freightpiles during the night for some money. He later said I cantrace the effect of those nights through most of my books inone way and another. (Cox, 41) After Civil War began,Samuel had to find a new job for all river traffic was halted. Pekeliling flats of kuala lumpur EssayTwain uses this to show that a king is just as good as anyslave and that the only thing that separates him from a slaveis his title. He says in his book there is nothing divinerabout a king than there is about a tramp, after all. He is just acheap and hollow artificiality when you do not know he is aking. But reveal his quality, and dear me it takes your verybreath away to look at him. The major theme of this novel isthe authority and aristocracy issue, but there are other smallthemes hidden under Twains humor. One such theme is thetheme of work. Twain discusses work and pay in thisstatement The law of work does seem utterly unfair butthere it is: the higher the pay in enjoyment the worker getsout of it, the higher shall be his pay in cash also. Thecharacters in this book were introduced and describedthrough their actions and through dialogue. The maincharacter, Hank Morgan, was almost absolutely a believablecharacter. Only a couple of his tra its wouldnt be verybelievable. One being that he didnt go crazy as soon as hefound out what had happened. If he was a real person, I dontthink he would just accept the fact that he was in the sixthcentury so quickly. I think that his other traits were prettymuch acceptable. He had normal human being traits likebeing panicky and he wasnt all good or all evil. There wereparts of him that werent angel-like. For example, he never justproved somebody wrong; he always had to make the personfeel low and defeated. The other characters, like Sandy andKing Arthur, werent really believable. Compared to what isconsidered normal now, they were actually not realistic at all. However, the story takes place in the sixth century where thecharacters would be more realistic than if compared to what isconsidered normal now. Despite the fact that it was sixthcentury, I still wouldnt be able to imagine real people beinglike King Arthur or Sandy. They were stereotypical just like allthe knights, Merlin, Clarence, and the other characters. Thisnovel wasnt biographical at all. It showed Twains view oncertain issues, but it did not describe Twains life. The onlything that might have been at all autobiographical, was thefact that Hank Morgan didnt fit in with his surroundings andwas trying to change everything around him. Maybe Twainfelt that he was surrounded by people who couldntunderstand him. Maybe he only felt secure with several of hisfriends just like Hank thought only certain men were worthyin the sixth century. Hank Morgan was finally returned to thenineteenth century after war broke out in Camelot. During thatwar, nineteenth century science and fifty-four y oung menstood against all of Englands knights and won a flawlessvictory. Hank was injured and Merlin cast a spell on him thatbrought him back to nineteenth century. Twains purpose inwriting this novel was to show the contrast between the sixthand nineteenth centuries and to show the reader that similarproblems exist in both these times. He also brought up somevery serious social issues in a humorous way. This novel istruly a work of genius. I enjoyed reading the book a lot. It wasexciting and humorous and the plot was really amusing. Iespecially admired the way Twain wrote the same things thatwouldnt be interesting if they werent written the way theywere. The way Twain described how Hank wasuncomfortable in the armor was an example of how as simplea matter as that can be written so that it sounds interestingand amusing. The way Twain put humor into sixth centuryeconomy when talking to Dowley about wages was alsoexcellent. He showed how ignorant the sixth century menwere concerning e conomy. To them, the higher the wages,the better, and it doesnt matter what the prices are. No matterhow hard Hank tried to show that if prices are high, thenwages mean nothing, Dowley couldnt understand. Just inBibliography:Works Cited: Clemens, Samuel Langhorne. Websters American Biographies. Pg. 207 Clemens, SamuelLanghorne (Mark Twain, pen name). Biography OnlineDatabase. Online. America Online. http://search.biography.com/print_record.pl?id=13667. 6Feb.1999 Cox, Clinton. Mark Twain: Americas Humorist,Dreamer, Prophet. New York: Scholastic Inc., 1995. Hunter,Frank O. Twain, Mark. The World Book Encyclopedia, 1998ed., Volume 19. Pg. 528-530 Kunitz and Haycraft. Clemens,Samuel Langhorne. American Authors: 1600-1900. Pg.159-161 Mark Twain in Hartford 28 May, 1995. Online. AmericaOnline. www.courant.com/news/special/twain. 6 Feb. 1999Meltzer, Milton. Mark Twain: A Writers Life. New York:Franklin Watts, 1985. Twain, Mark. A Connecticut Yankee inKing Arthurs Court. New York: Signet Classic Twain, Mark.Biography Online Database. Online. America Online. http://search.biography.com/print_record.pl?id=3500. 6Feb.1999

Religion in Octavia Butlers Parable of the Sower

The main reason why Octavia Butler’s 1993 dystopic novel Parable of the Sower is being commonly referred to, as such that represents a high literary value, is that the themes and motifs, contained in it, are discursively relevant. That is, they do reflect people’s anxieties, in regards to the challenges of a post-industrial living.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Religion in Octavia Butler’s Parable of the Sower specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of these challenges is the fact that, as time goes on; the religious appeal of Christianity to Americans continues to become ever more undermined. This simply could not be otherwise, because for even mildly intelligent people, the Biblical fables about Sun standing still in the sky, talking donkeys and Saint Mary becoming impregnated by the ‘holy ghost’ appear rather unconvincing, so say the least. The same can be said about the p rovisions of Christian morality, based upon the vicious assumption that there are ‘chosen people’, favored by God, on the one hand, and ‘infidels’ that will be eventually thrown into the ‘lake of fire’, on the other. At the same time, however, the overwhelming majority of Americans continue experiencing an urge to be spiritually guided. In its turn, this causes many people to think that there are now objective preconditions for the creation of a new religion, which would be both: thoroughly humanistic and conceptually consistent with an ongoing social, cultural and technological progress. This is what Butler’s novel is all about. In it, the author provided readers with an insight as to how religion and science could be successfully combined together – hence, creating a ‘spiritual product’, thoroughly adjusted to the challenges of modernity. Nevertheless, even though that, as it will be illustrated later, the fictious religion of Earthseed (described in the novel) is in fact scientifically legitimate, there are still a few discursive shortcomings to how the author went about reflecting upon this religion’s social implications. Probably the most important qualitative aspect of Butler’s novel is that, even though that its plot unravels in the dystopic future, readers nevertheless do emotionally relate to the characters’ experiences of living in the ‘godless’ universe.Advertising Looking for term paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After all, just as it happened to be the case with the novel’s main character Lauren Olamina, they do often experience the disturbing sensation that there is too much injustice and violence in this world. Such their sensation, of course, contradicts the Christian dogma there is all-loving and omnipotent God, who answers people’s prayers. Yet, as it was illustrated in the novel, it is not only due to the ‘classical’ God’s de facto absence that spiritually sensitive people find it hard to deal with the objective reality’s emanations, but also due to their own intellectual inflexibility. As Lauren noted: A lot of people seem to believe in a big-daddy-God or a big-cop-God or a big-king-God. They believe in a kind of super-person. A few believe God is another word for nature. (8) These Lauren’s words, of course, reveal her as a pantheist, who knew perfectly well that there is very little rationale in believing that God is an individual, capable of experiencing the human emotions of love, fear and anger: My God doesn’t love me or hate me or watch over me or know me at all, and I feel no love for or loyalty to my God. My God just is. (22) At the same time, however, it could not escape Lauren’s attention that there is an apparent order in the universe, which given the main characte r’s perceptual idealism, was causing her to consider the possibility that, even though there is no ‘big-daddy God’, the ‘divinity’ is still there. Lauren revealed the true nature of ‘divinity’ in what can be well defined as the ‘manifesto’ of her newly found quasi-religion of Earthseed: All that you touch, you Change. All that you change, Changes you. The only lasting truth is Change. God is Change. (51)Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Religion in Octavia Butler’s Parable of the Sower specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What gives Lauren a particular credit, in this respect, is that the earlier mentioned theological provisions of Earthseed are fully consistent with the most recent breakthroughs in the fields of biology and physics. After all, today’s scientists are thoroughly aware of the fact that, while remaining in the state of a const ant transformation (due to the forces of gravity), the chaotically dispersed universe’s matter has a tendency to self-organize itself into complex structures. As one of the 20th century’s most prominent scientists Alan Turing pointed out: Chaotic substratum, although it may originally be quite homogeneous, may later develop a pattern or structure due to an instability of the homogeneous equilibrium, which is triggered off by random disturbances. (37) The full soundness of this statement can be well illustrated in relation to the grains of sand in the desert, which never cease self-organizing themselves into ripples, waves and dunes – quite contrary to the fact that these grains have no awareness of the shape they become a part of. This also explains the seemingly intelligent design of organic life-forms – this design comes as an ultimate result of a physical matter/energy, on the one hand, and the forces of gravity, on the other, continuing to interact fo r the duration of billions and billions of years. What it means is that there is indeed no God, in the traditional sense of this word. What causes the universe to be observably complex and even ‘intelligently designed’ to an extent, is the never-ending flow of energy from the universe’s ‘energetically rich’ regions to the ‘energetically poor’ ones, which will eventually result in the ‘energetic death’ of the universe – the so-called state of ‘universal entropy’. Nevertheless, even though that we are now well aware that there is no ‘big-daddy God’, we cannot help but to experience awe, while exposed to the wonders of the universe. This sensation of awe, on our part, is where the ‘divinity’ actually resides. Therefore, Lauren’s suggestion that God is Change is thoroughly valid – Change is what causes Complexity, and Complexity is what we commonly perceive in terms of God.Advertising Looking for term paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This, of course, implies that we should not seek God up in the sky, but rather within. The fact that we, as the representatives of Homo Sapiens species, have evolved to the point that we now understand the universe’s mechanics, without having to evoke the notion of ‘big-baddy God’, makes us nothing short of semi-gods ourselves. As such, we have the responsibility to act ethically – even in times when this undermines our chances of a physical survival. Hence, the Earthseed’s foremost ‘commandment’: The weak can overcome the strong if the weak persist. Persisting isn’t always safe, but it’s often necessary. (79) Apparently, Lauren knew that, in order to encourage people to behave in a socially appropriate manner, they should not be constantly reminded of the prospect of being sent to hell, on the account of their ‘sins’, but that they should instead be provided with incentives to remain fully aware of the behavi oral implications of their basic humanity. Nevertheless, as it was mentioned in the Introduction, Butler’s vision of the ‘future religion’ cannot be thought of as such that represents an indisputable truth-value. This is because; there are a number of good reasons to think that, even if Lauren did succeed in setting up the communities of ‘earthseeds’ across America, her newly founded ‘Church of Earthseed’ would not remain functional for too long. After all, throughout the course of the novel, Laura continues to position herself as a somewhat socially-withdrawn person, who believed that the pathway towards making people more gentle towards each other is being concerned with suppressing the truth about the fact, in the biological sense of this word, they are nothing but hairless primates. For example, Laura does not seem to understand that people’s endowment with the sense of greed cannot be dealt with mechanistically, because being primates; it is in our very nature to act selfishly. This is the reason why there are strongly defined Communist overtones to her concept of a ‘spiritually rich’ communal living. As Phillips noted: According to Lauren, the moral destiny of earthseed is ‘to take root among the stars’†¦ But this spiritual and political ideal is rendered impossible by a social order based on stark economic polarities. (304) Yet, according to the laws of nature, which define the qualitative dynamics in just about every human society, without ‘polarities’ (inequality), the continual flow of energy that enables Change, in the first place, would have been impossible. After all, the notion of equality is synonymous with the notion of entropy (chaos). In other words, the way in which Lauren went about conceptualizing how the communes of ‘earthseeds’ should operate, contradicted her own understanding of Change, as the driving force of ‘divinityâ €™. There is also another reason to think that the religion of Earthseed would have proven short-lived – while elaborating on the proper ways of a ‘spiritually rich’ living, Butler never ceased to promote the idea that, as compared to what it happened to be the case with men, women are better suited to act as the community’s leaders. This explains why Parable of the Sower has been traditionally referred to as an unmistakably feminist novel (Miller 337). Nevertheless, it does not take a scientist to understand that promoting philosophies that add to already existing tensions between the representatives of opposite genders can hardly be deemed socially productive. The fact that even today, the feminist movement continues to be strongly associated with the notion of mental deviation (which explains this movement’s marginal status), substantiates the validity of this suggestion. Thus, it will only be logical to conclude this paper by reinstating onc e again that there is indeed a good rationale in referring to Butler’s Parable of the Sower, as an intellectually enlightening novel. This is because, as it was shown earlier, Butler’s idea, as to what the ‘future religion’ should be all about, does adhere to what today’s scientists know about how the universe actually function. Unfortunately, as it appears from the novel, the sheer strength of Butler’s prophetic powers, as an advocate of the new post-industrial religion, does not seem to correlate with her somewhat undermined insightfulness, as an individual who understands the qualitative essence of dynamics in just about every human society. Works Cited Butler, Octavia. Parable of the Sower, New York: Warner, 1995. Print. Miller, Jim. â€Å"Post-Apocalyptic Hoping: Octavia Butler’s Dystopian/Utopian Vision.†Ã‚  Science Fiction Studies 25.2 (1998): 336-360. Print. Phillipsï ¼Å'Jerry. â€Å"The Intuition of the Future: Utopia and Catastrophe in Octavia Butler’s Parable of the Sower.† Novel 35.2/3 (2002): 299-311. Print. Turing, Alan. â€Å"The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis.† Philosophical  Transactions of the Royal Society of London 237.641 (1952): 37-72. Print. This term paper on Religion in Octavia Butler’s Parable of the Sower was written and submitted by user Hulkl1ng to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Turn of the Screw Response Paper Essay Example

A Turn of the Screw Response Paper Essay Example A Turn of the Screw Response Paper Essay A Turn of the Screw Response Paper Essay Essay Topic: Literature Being a non-believer in ghosts myself I fall into the critical camp of the ghosts being figments of the narrators imagination in A Turn of the Screw. I base this critical perspective in the fact that the ghosts were selectively seen by her and that her creation of this ghostly psychosis could be rooted to her fear of inadequacy in tending for the children. The beginning of the actual story creates a narrative voice that may be firm but is also easily convinced to take a job she is unqualified for and is unsure of due to the charms of the Master of Bly and his willingness to take anyone for the job who is willing and attractive. She was young, untried, nervous: it was a vision of serious duties and little company, of great loneliness on a second interview she faced the music, she engaged (121). On top of all this there is seedy history in the Bly house; the last governess is dead and so is Quint, the masters handy man, and the two of them were having an infamous affair (152). Oh of their rank, their condition She was a lady And he so dreadfully below Ive never seen one like him. He did what he wished, as Mrs. Grose described the affair (152). As the story is slowly unfolded to the narrator by Mrs. Grose, it turns out that Miss Jessel died mysterious while on leave and Quint likewise speciously found dead on the side road. Of course being of lower ranks and risking the possibility of shame on the house, none of the servants speak openly of this tragic happening. But this is not the only circumstance of controversy that arises while she is the charge of Bly. In taking this charge she of course is faced with her first decision when she receives information of Miles expulsion from school. With Mrs. Grose speaking so highly of Miles, the narrator is unsure of how to approach this information. As we later find out, Miles was expelled for talking dirty to the ladies. Well-I said things t was only to-I dont remember their names only a few. Those I liked they must have repeated them. To those they liked it was too bad (216-7). When considering Miles male role models, Quint and in brief periods his uncle, no wonder he likes to talk dirty to girls. Quint was having a roll in the hay with the previous governess and his uncle is a notorious bachelor who only hires attractive governesses. The narrator is confronted with the contradictive impression she is given of Miles by Mrs. Grose versus the information of the childs expulsion. Rather than logically getting as much more information as possible by asking the school what he did to deserve the expulsion the narrator goes to Mrs. Grose for advice. She has been instructed to never disturb the Master with any issues but doesnt have the experience to know how to deal with them. Mrs. Grose being of lower rank, making it hard for her to speak ill of the children, and having a lack of education herself believes in the childs innocence. She believes this even though she hasnt seen him for some time and is in charge of Flora and not him. So she feels she is too low in rank to say anything bad about the kid, and doesnt know him well enough to say anything of substance anyway. Mrs. Grose is like the little ignorant grandmother who thinks these kids can do no wrong. And beyond that what kid, who just got expelled for talking dirty, would march home and bring it up to his new governess? Miles is ten-years-old, he doesnt want to get in trouble, but he is also a spoiled little boy who has no formal guardians having lost his father and grandparents, lost his one (bad) male role model, has an uncle who wants nothing to do with him, and is taken care by a rotation of governesses. How normal could this kid be? So he acts out. He goes out of the house late one night and has his sister wake up the governess to figuratively give her the finger. When I am bad I am bad, Miles says when he is discovered by the narrator (169). Then when he tries to be sent back to school he tries to threaten the narrator by tattling on her to his uncle. He doesnt want to be told what to do: being cute and nice hasnt gotten him what he wants, being bad hasnt either, now he is going to threaten. The narrator is left with a lack of information and is forced to fill in the blanks herself. When Mrs. Grose is gradually telling the story of Quint and Miss Jessel, each time the narrator gets another detail it makes the story worse. This creates the paranoia in the narrator the not having information means all that is unsaid must be because it is bad, not because she is dealing with children and people who are lower in rank than her and dont feel able to speak liberally to her about seedy matters. When she decides that the children are conspiring with the ghosts, she suddenly begins to see that they are misbehaving. Suddenly anything they do that is bad is associated with ghostly circumstances: Flora stealing the boat and going on the lake, Miles sneaking out, Miles sassing her in the graveyard, et al. All of these circumstances come with a ghostly sighting. There are two times I believe the narrator may have actually seen someone and not just imagined it. The first two sightings of Quint, I believe she actually saw a peeping Tom or the like. It is strange how being new to the town and very secluded that the narrator is absolutely positive that the man she sees couldnt possibly be anyone from the town or anywhere else. I caught at a dozen possibilities, none of which made a difference for the better, that I could see, in there having been in the house-and for how long, above all? -a person of whom I was in ignorance (134). She must not be doing her job well if there is someone in the house that she doesnt know. This is where the cycle starts. If she fails and she cant take care of these children, it is her fault and her fault only. The only problem is that rather than creating a normal scapegoat, she goes batty and decides the children are possessed by the trampy governess and handyman. Rather than figuring out who this guy is she doesnt tell anyone about him. Then when she sees him again the only person she tells is Mrs. Grose, the uneducated and lower ranking housemaid. From the briefest description Mrs. Grose connects this man that the narrator has seen ever so logically (sarcasm) to a dead guy. Then the governess of course makes the logical leap that Quint was looking for Miles and she must protect Miles against this evil spirit. So not only has she created this paranoid, scapegoat of a delusion, she has also given herself a mission to protect, something she apparent things sh knows how to do. When the first sighting of the woman happens, the narrator has already decided that something creepy is going on and like her first sighting of Quint, it is from a great distance and she decides, based on no evidence, that this woman is the old governess. On top of this she claims that Flora is hiding the sighting of this woman from, it couldnt possibly be that the woman wasnt or that Flora didnt see anyone there at all. She makes this same claim when Flora is discovered after sneaking out and taking the boat. Even though Flora makes no clear gesture, acknowledgement, or even look towards the woman that the narrator sees on the other side of the lake, the narrator believes this is because Flora is hiding something. This cycles back to the lack of information the narrator started with when she first took the job, rather than having to fill in the rest of the story, she is now choosing to fill in the story herself. She is looking for evidence and finding it; she is fulfilling the plot line in her head by seeing specious activity in the children. Rather than taking this as a sign that the children are acting like normal children; it must mean they are possessed by these ghosts, because they couldnt possibly act out and misbehave under her care. When Flora is discovered at the lake the narrator claims that she gives her a look that says, Ill be hanged if Ill speak, but the girl doesnt actually say this, it is all in the narrators head (196). When the children are walking around with Miles reading to Flora the narrator claims, Hes not reading to her, theyre talking of them-theyre talking of horrors, again, she hasnt actually heard them, but is fulfilling the crazy story in her head. The fact of the matter is he may just be teaching her to talk dirty, since he is such a foul-mouth, and thus why they are keeping away from the adults and not speaking loudly. Then when Flora is sick, which she could have merely gotten sick from being outside without proper attire, which was pointed out numerous times, she says some of the bad words her brother could have taught her to Mrs. Grose who reports back to the narrator. From that child-horrors! There! On my honour, Miss, she says things-! But the narrator never finds out what the girl said. She makes sure that it was bad and about herself, and places it in the plot line (204). It so justifies me! she says in response (204). But, not only does this mean that she is justified in her claims of the children being possessed (because children of course never say bad words unless being possessed), it also could justify her if the children try to claim that she didnt take care of them properly. Flora speaking vulgarly of her could be used by the narrator to say that the children merely didnt like her and were out to get her. Now the final scene, from the narrators diluted perspective, it is her saving poor Miles from this evil possession. Now, from the perspective of a ten-year-old boy, it is no wonder he died of fright. Miles is confronted after having his sister sent away by his governess. He confesses to stealing the letter and then is accused of stealing at school. He looks out the window in embarrassment because he has to then confess that it wasnt stealing but for speaking so extremely vulgarly to girls he liked that he was expelled. Stuff and nonsense! claims the narrator to this confession, because it doesnt fit into her crazed plot line (216). She asks him what he said and he of course is too embarrassed to tell her. The governess looks out the window in a deranged manner. That morning at breakfast with his sister I am sure shared with him the shock of the governess claiming to see Miss Jessel across the lake from her. Miles in response to the governess screaming at someone out the window that is not there asks, Is she here? (217). His governess yells that she sees Miss Jessel and then that its not Miss Jessel but someone else: Quint, the man that the boy adored and who by his knowledge is dead. But he had already jerked straight round, stared, glared again, and seen but the quiet day the grasp with which I recovered him might have been that of catching him in his fall We were alone with the quiet day and his little heart, dispossessed, had stopped (217). There is nothing there, no one else sees, not Mrs. Grose or Flora at the lake, nor Miles when tragically confronted with the idea that a dead man is standing him. All that is seen is the quiet day (217).

Contract Law (Introduction to Business Law) Essay

Contract Law (Introduction to Business Law) - Essay Example s to contract on certain terms, made with the intention that it shall become binding as soon as it is accepted by the person to whom it is addressed, the â€Å"offeree.3† The â€Å"expression4† may take different forms. The intention element is an objective consideration and the case of Smith v Hughes 5emphasised the relevant consideration as being a focus on how a reasonable person would view the situation. Seddon et al further assert that the â€Å"test for existence and the scope for an agreement is that of an objective manner. When a test is objective, it takes account of what the parties actually did say in order to make an offer and agreement6†. Moreover, in the case of Storer v Manchester City Council7 it was asserted by Lord Denning that â€Å"a man cannot get out of a contract by saying: I did not intend to contract† if by his words he has done so†8. Furthermore, in the case of Acme Grain Co. v Wenaus 9it was asserted: â€Å"to constitute a contract, there must be an offer by one person to another and an acceptance of that offer by the person to whom it is made. A mere statement of a person’s intention or a declaration of his willingness to enter into negotiations is not an offer and cannot be accepted so as to form a valid contract10†. Additionally, the law distinguishes between an offer and an invitation to treat, which is not an offer but an indication of willingness to negotiate a contract11. For example, in the case of Gibson v Manchester City Council12, the words â€Å"may be prepared to sell† constituted an invitation to treat and not a distinct offer. Indeed, the Gibson decision challenged the traditional view for formation of contractual agreement. In this case, Lord Denning asserted that when considering whether there is a binding contractual agreement, it could be argued that: â€Å"there is no need to look for strict offer and acceptance. You should look at the correspondence as a whole and at the conduct of the parties and see therefore

Building Performance Management through Employee Participation Essay - 3

Building Performance Management through Employee Participation - Essay Example Workers should be granted the chance to give their views and amendments be made as fast as possible to avoid poor job performance. According to JM experience, employees play a major role in company management. This is because they are the ones to be governed and must choose the management system suitable for them and the company (Grote, 23). There are certain parts of the performance management system that cannot be changed by employees no matter the claims. These unchangeable sections of the system also govern the employer and company activities. According to JM company, employees are part of the company management system and should be involved in any decision-making. In any organization, the management committee or board members must always consider the employee view or feedback before establishing performance management system. This should be done to protect employee rights and freedom. Actually, an employee should always have a conducive environment to attend to his or her job positively. The kind of performance management systems to be established should be employee friendly. Another way of making improvements in this type of system is employee motivation. This should be present in the system to enhance quality in employee performance. In most cases, the motivation is done through rewards . In the process of employee assessment, the hardworking should get a reward as tokens of their hard work while those who are found average should be advised accordingly (Rao, 16). Through rewards, employees will be dedicated to their work with the aim of being a reward winner. Companies that come up with a new performance management may face a lot of challenges linked to employee job performance. When they are forced into the rules and regulations of the new management system, they may find it very difficult to adapt hence have negative attitudes towards their jobs. This can in turn

Study On Computer Input And Output Devices

Study On Computer Input And Output Devices The history of ergonomics is start from Greece. The meaning of ergonomics come from Greek words ergon [work] and nomos [natural laws] and first entered the modern lexicon when Wojciech JastrzÄâ„ ¢bowski used the word in his 1857 article Rys ergonomji czyli nauki o pracy, opartej na prawdach poczerpniÄâ„ ¢tych z Nauki Przyrody (The Outline of Ergonomics, i.e. Science of Work, Based on the Truths Taken from the Natural Science). Ergonomics is the science of fitting workplace conditions and job demands to the capabilities of the working population. It can effective and successful to give user adaptation and guarantee for high productivity ,and avoid the illness or injury risk. Even more ,it increase the satisfaction of labor force. To assess the Ergonomics devices can suitable for user it depend on the devices size, shape, and how appropriate it is for the task. Besides that, Ergonomics draws on many disciplines in its study of humans and their environments, including anthropometry, biomechanics, mechanical engineering, industrial engineering, industrial design, kinesiology, physiology and psychology. Ergonomics also include 3 types. Physical ergonomics: Human anatomy, anthropometry, physiology and biomechanical characteristics as they relate to physical activity. And how the physical environment around you may affect your performance or understanding of the environment, the impact on people in these areas, especially the harmful effects. Then you can design one that will not damage their environment, they may even enjoy the experience Cognitive ergonomics: concern about mental process like perception, memory, reasoning and motor response , Because they affect interactions among humans and system interaction of other factors. Organizational ergonomics: is trying to organise people and the work to best effect. 3.0 Input devices Input devices is any peripheral equipment (computer hardware chip), data and control signals used to provide an information processing system (such as computer). 3.1 Mouse A mouse is a pointing device that functions by detecting two-dimensional movement relative to its supporting surface. Let user to control their personal computer. The first mouse is design by Engelbart in 1963,with the assistance of his colleague Bill English. The first mouse is heavy and big, used two gear-wheels perpendicular to each other: the rotation of each wheel translated into motion along one axis. Before, the ergonomic mouse designed have a old type of mouse named mechanical mice. It use a single ball that could rotate in any direction. But due to the ball touching the other surface ,to make the mouse work, the dust of the surface will stick with ball. After the ergonomic mouse is design, the disadvantage of the mechanical mice will be improve. Ergonomic have many type, such as the mouse using wireless or Bluetooth connect to computer named wireless mouse. So ,this kind of mouse is portable as long as it use inside the range with computer. Besides that, there is a 3D mouse. The method of using this mouse by push, pull, twist or tilt to simultaneously pan, zoom and rotate. So ,this kind of mouse is difference from other mouse. Other than that, there is a mouse is design for gamming ,because this kind of mouse has shortcut key. So, user can use the shortcut key to perform the action inside computer faster. Lastly, design of the sharp for mouse also important in ergonomic mouse. This is because, The sharp of mouse can let user shoulder or the muscle of hand reduce tension and comfortable to grip it. So ,The mouse can reduce the working disease like injury the muscle. 3.2 Keyboard Keyboard, typewriter keyboard, which uses the button or key arrangement, as a lever mechanical or electronic switch. After punch cards, paper tape through fax-type keyboard, interactive computer into the main input device. There is many type of keyboard can use in our life. They are Chorded keyboard ,Software keyboard ,Foldable keyboard ,Laser keyboard ,Optical keyboard technology. Chorded keyboard: Although other associated with a keyboard and keyboard chorded key combination and correlation of each key action, action. Because it use many combination available so can effectively produce more action on a board with fewer keys. Software keyboard: It is a software but display on the screen of the devices. Nowdays ,software keyboard is popular and normally can found inside of the touchscreen phone. Foldable keyboard: Folding (also known as flexible) is made of soft plastic or silicone keyboard can be rolled up or folded travel itself. [2] In use, the keyboard can meet these uneven surfaces, and more resistant to the liquid than the standard keyboard. These can also be connected to portable devices and smart phones. Some models can be completely immersed in water, so that they received in hospitals and laboratories, as they can be disinfected. Laser keyboard: Projection keyboard projects the image of a key, usually with a laser, to a flat surface. The device then use the camera or infrared sensor to monitor, the users finger moves, and will be counted as being pressed, the see the users finger to touch the projected image of the key. Projection keyboard can simulate from a very small projector full-size keyboard. Because the key is only projected images, they can not be considered when pressed. Projected increase in keyboard users often experience discomfort due to lack of their own fingers to when typing. Flat, reflective surfaces do not need to be projected onto the key . most of the projection makes use of the keyboard and PDA, because of its small size. Optical keyboard: This kind of keyboard that can help user neck and shoulders less tension when using it. Or the keyboard can move able ,connect by Bluetooth or wireless to computer. 3.3 Touchpad Touchpad pointing device is a special surface can translate the users finger motion and position in the relative position on the screen composition. They are a common feature of the notebook can also be used as a computer mouse in the desktop space is limited alternatives. Touchpad vary in size , but few make over forty 40 square centimeters (6.3 x 6.3 cm or about 6 inch ²). Touchpad is probably the most common form of tactile sensors. Touchpad is mainly used in a separate laptop, do not need the machine near the surface. Touch pad near the keyboard, only a very short finger movements is the need to move the cursor on the display screen, while beneficial, it also makes it possible for the users thumb moves the mouse cursor when typing accident. Feature is the touchpad on the desktop computer keyboard with the existing built-in touchpad. Touchpad can help reduce the tension of finger ,hand and shoulder. Using it also comfortable. It also consist of mouse function like right and left click ,scroll down or up. 4.0 Output devices Output device is a computer hardware device for communication with any part of the results of data processing information processing system (such as a computer) to the outside world. 4.1 Monitor Monitor is a computer display and related parts packaged in a physical unit that is separate from other parts of the computer. Monitor concern physical ergonomics side is about the height of monitor ,distance Between eye to monitor ,the monitor effect to body and the monitor setting. Normal monitor easy make our neck ,upper back and eye feel tired easily. Ergonomics monitor can help our neck ,upper back and eye reduce the tiredness. this is because ergonomics monitor can change the height ,setting and distance. Monitor distance should located directly in front of the user where the positioned to view monitor. The distance between eye to the monitor screen at less need around 17-20inch away. But if using a small monitor can located it closed a bit. If using a big monitor need to locate little farther away. Monitor setting can change the monitor resolution ,contrast and brightness. As the result, The setting can help user to view the monitor more clearly ,it also help user to reduce eye tiredness. Monitor height is important ,because it can prevent our neck and upper back muscle reduce tension. To determine the correct monitor height ,first sit infront of monitor and then close eyes and make the position of head and body in a neutral and comfortable position ,spine need be straight .After that open eye and note the point where your vision ,that is the correct monitor height. Monitor concern organizational ergonomics side is improve the monitor light weight ,reduce electric comsumption and the speed of display. CRT(cathode ray tube) is the 1st type of monitor. It has high dynamic range ,good colour ,wide gamut and low black level. It can also display natively in any resolution and refresh rate. However, CRT weight is too heavy and big size so now has less people using it. LCD(liquid crystals display) is come after the CRT. LCD is compact ,light weight ,low electric comsumption and no geometric. But ,LCD has a limited viewing angle and slow response times. So ,LCD is suitable for 1 person to view the monitor. Plasma is the lastest design for display. It mostly overcome the problem from CRT and LCD like high speed response ,viewing angle. Plasma same as LCD as compact and light weight ,so it easy to carry. However ,plasma is still facing the input lag problem. 4.2 Earphone Earphones are a pair of small speakers, or less see a speaker, has held close to the users ears, and connection methods, such as audio amplifier, radio or CD player to a method of source Type of earphone The special needs of the listener determines the choice of headphones. Should be noted that the portability of smaller, lighter headset, but it may mean a compromise in Fidelity. Hi-fi headphones as part of a family does not have the same design constraints can be larger and heavier. In general, the shape of the headset can be divided into four different categories: circumaural, supra-aural, earbud, and in-ear. Circumaural: Circumaural headphones (sometimes called full-size headphones) are round or oval-shaped ear pads, which should include the ears. Since these headphones completely surrounded ear, circumaural headphones can be designed completely sealed to prevent the head of any less intrusive external noise. Because of their size, circumaural headphones re, there are some units weighing more than 500 grams. Headband and ear pads requirements designed to reduce the discomfort caused by the weight. Supra-aural: Supra-aural pad sitting on top of the ear headphones, rather than around them. They are usually bundled with personal stereos in the 80s. This type of headphones, generally tend to be smaller and lighter than circumaural headphones, which reduce the external noise attenuation. Earbud: They are a smaller size, directly on the outside of the ear headphones, but it is not completely surrounded. They are generally inexpensive, is its portability and convenience of all ages. Since they can not provide any information they often use high-volume to cover up the environment from the user, thus increasing the risk of hearing loss noise. [2] 90 in the 20th century and 2000s, earbuds became a common type bundled with personal music device isolation. In-ear: Sometime it called as canalphones ,this kind of earphone are inserted directly into ear canal. It similar like earbuds,it portable and act as earplugs to block out environment sound. There are two main types of ear: General and customization. General canalphones provide one or more stock sleeve size (S) to fit various ear canal, which is commonly made of silicone rubber, elastomer, or foam noise isolation. Custom canalphones is installed on everyones ears. Ear tubes used in the manufacture castings made and create a custom casting silicone rubber or elastomer, to provide additional comfort and noise isolation plug. As it involves personal labor, custom ear than in the general ear and very low resale value, because they are less expensive and may be suitable for others. However ,the design of the earphones sharp or the music quality also important. This is because, different user has different needed. Example ,the user need the bass boots earphone so that they can listen the music more bass. In addition, for spot user the earphone can hang at ears and not easy to drop down ,so that user can enjoy the music and no need worry about the earphone drop down. 4.3 Printer Printer is peripheral which produces hard copy (permanent human-readable text and / or graphics) files stored in electronic form, usually paper or transparencies, such as physical print media, documents. Many printer is mainly used for local peripheral devices, and a printer via a cable connection, or in most newer printers, the computers USB cable to connect to it as a file source. Some printers, commonly known as a network printer with a built-in network interface, usually wireless and / or Ethernet-based, and can be used as any user on the network hard-copy devices. The following printing technologies are routinely found in modern printers: Toner-based/Laser printers: This kind of printer rapidly produces high quality text and graphics. As digital copiers and multifunction printers (MFP), laser printer uses electrostatic printing process, but the difference is that the image is made up of a printers photoreceptor cells across the laser beam directly scan analog copiers. Liquid inkjet printers: Inkjet printers operate by propelling variably-sized droplets of liquid or molten material (ink) onto almost any sized page. They are the most common type of computer printer used by consumers. Dye-sublimation printers: A dye sublimation printer (or dye sub printer) is a printer using a thermal transfer printing process using a plastic card, paper or canvas media such as dyes. This process is usually used to lay in a color panel ribbon, once a color. Dye sub printer is mainly used for high-quality color applications, including color photography and text suitable for the disadvantaged. Once the high-end print shops, dye-sublimation printer provincial consumers increasingly are used to dedicated photo printer. Inkless printers: There is two type of inkless printer. They are Thermal printers and UV printers. The work of selective heating thermal printer thermal sensitive paper of special areas. Black and white thermal printer for cash registers, ATM machines, gasoline and some old cheap fax machine. Color can be achieved with special paper, different temperatures and heating rates of different colors. One example is the Zink technology. Xerox is developing a inkless printer will use a special reusable paper, chemicals, UV-sensitive coating of several microns. The printer will use a special UV light bar will be able to write and erase the paper. As of early 2007, the technology is still in development and the printed page can only be maintained between 16-24 hours before fading text. 5.0 Conclusion: In this era ,the devices already improve by the time. So human can enjoy and get more benefit from the new design of devices. So ,ergonomic devices is important that can make our life more good. However ,we must rest around every 30min while using computer ,and also while rest can do some office exercise. This can maintain our body blood flowing.

The Heroism of Dying for Ones Country in Poetry Essay -- William Shak

The Heroism of Dying for One's Country in Poetry The Volunteer is a Pro-War poem written by Herbert Asquith. Asquith uses roman imagery to invoke a feeling of greatness and honour. Asquith begins his poem by describing the miserable, mundane life of a clerk, working in a 'city grey'. He opens with the words 'Here lies' that are normally used to begin writing on a gravestone. This 'epitaph' - style opening gives the idea that the clerk has now passed away and the poem will concentrate on events beforehand. We are told the clerk has spent 'half his life' doing boring work ('..Toiling at ledgers..'), his days drifting away. There is a distinct lack of fulfilment in his life, '..With no lance broken in life's tournament' ('Lance' is roman imagery) And yet he dreams of '..The gleaming eagles of the legions..' and horsemen '..thundering past beneath the oriflamme..' (or battle flag.) Asquith cleverly uses the expression '..The gleaming eagles of the legions..' to conjure up ideas in the reader's mind of great gleaming roman soldiers. This adds to the ideology that war is a glamorous and noble thing. In his second stanza, Asquith tells us that '..those waiting dreams are satisfied..' Obviously, the clerk has joined the army. He talks of '..waiting dreams..' giving the impression that the clerk has dreamt of this for a very long time. He goes on to say '..From twilight to the halls of dawn he went..' I think what he means is that the clerk has gone from his dull city to a new, brighter beginning. And although he died he is happy. '..His lance is broken but he lies content..' Because in that 'high hour in which he lived and died' he achieved something he had dreamt of forever. Asquith also mentions that the ... ...er uses images of death and an epitaph style opening to convey the message of a valiant death. I don't think that making the reader think of death will inspire him or her to fight for their country at all. Dulce est Decorum Est is the most effective poem of the three. It's usage of vivid and horrific imagery could make any patriotic citizen think again before going to war. The structure of the poem is extremely well thought out because it begins to get extremely shocking in the final stanza, almost certainly making the reader sway away from the honourable image he or she had of war before reading. It then finishes with labelling Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori a lie. This is intelligent because the reader is at his most easily influenced after reading the horrific description in the final stanza and therefore is more likely to agree with this point.

Up-to-date Mobile Phones

? The use of mobiles or cell phones in educational institutions, specifically among universities, has caused many arguments in the society. One part of society has supported the use of cell phones in universities; the other part has opposed their use bitterly during in universities. Students should not be allowed to use mobile phones in university because they misuse them, cause distraction and limit learning.First of all, students should not use cell phones in universities because they cause disruptions during class time. For instance, some student in class may have a loud, funny ringtone that interrupt learning whenever a student receives a call or SMS. This happens as some students forget to switch off their phones and, as a result, they make a lot of noise during class time that eventually disorders the learning process because it will make students forget a part of the lesson that is so important to them.Secondly, mobile phones should not be used in universities and other instit utions of learning because the students can misuse it. Despite the fact that the up-to-date mobile phones are well equipped with other additional features like email, radio, Bluetooth and cameras, students have tended to abuse them through cyber bullying whereby they hurl insults and write vulgarity to harm other students through social platforms like Facebook and twitter.Another reason why mobile phones should never be accepted in universities is the fact that their use has been known to deter the remembering of learned knowledge by the students. It has been recognized that some students have become addicted to the use of mobile phones to the extent that their rate of knowledge retention is too low because of minds that are preoccupied with social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.The use of mobile phones by students in universities should be banned altogether since their use has been associated with exam cheating thus gaining an unfair advantage over their pe ers. In conclusion, given the compelling evidence and the undeniable negative results regarding the use of mobile phones by students within university grounds, government legislators should support the ban on mobile phones.This is because while the gadgets were meant to aid communication between different people in different circumstances, the students have continued to use them negatively thus bringing lots of harm on each other. Some people said that cell phones should not be prohibited on campus because it helps students in studying times. For example, it can be used for a quick search for information rather than wasting time to open the computer. They also said that cell phones can be used to translate words. This is true but the majority of students tend to use it in a bad way

Conflict of Light vs Dark in Star Wars - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1855 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Cinematographic Art Essay Level High school Tags: Star Wars Essay Did you like this example? Star Wars represents a simplistic view of the conflict of light versus dark. The black and white morality with good guys, such as Luke and Leia wearing bright fair colors, while the villains, such as Vader wearing all black, are the first visual color motifs and cues that the Star Wars films rely on (Campbell). Color motifs predate the Star Wars films, however; the white hats versus black hats is one of the basic forms of fictional morality that visual storytellers have used since early Western films (Budd). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Conflict of Light vs Dark in Star Wars" essay for you Create order These are cues that visual storytellers have relied on to trigger an immediate response from the viewer. However, there are other less obvious cinematic cues and techniques that will be examined that also are used to support the black and white morality. Using a scene provided from The Empire Strikes Back, an explanation will be presented of how the theme of conflict of good versus evil is expressed visually through mise en scene, visual structure, sound, lighting and contrast. This will provide an understanding of the ways in which certain visual elements have been arranged and function within the films composition, and present the classic struggle of light versus dark at its most basic level. In the showdown between hero and shadow, Luke is represented as the shining knight of destiny, while Vader is represented as a card-carrying villain. (Henderson) Both characters are contrasted in simplistic opposites in every respect. It is how all the formal elements are edited that ultimately present the classic struggle of good versus evil. Heroes are faced with choices that are either all right or all wrong. The choices and actions presented tell us that there are no real shades of grey.   Lucas decided, early on in his career that the editor was in control. His early influences stressed the importance of cutting to the creation of meaning (Brooker 47). For the climatic sequence between Vader and Luke in Empire, how the scene is presented is just as important as to what is being filmed. For this scene, there is more emphasis on the self-contained sequence of images to create a feeling rather than heavy exposition. We focused a lot on filmic expression, film grammar. I was not into storytelling. I was trying to create emotions though pure cinematic techniques (Brooker 47). A brief shot by shot analysis of those elements will reveal the simplicity of the black and white morality. The Empire Strikes Back is noticeably darker in tone than its predecessor. This is achieved because of the readability of the graphic storytelling, shot flow and low-key lighting.   This climatic showdown scene between Luke and Vader is the heart of The Empire Strikes Back. Luke, inexperienced in the ways of the Force and hopelessly outmatched, fails while confronting one of his most difficult challenges. The lighting, backgrounds, layout, sound, editing and shot sizes all support the story and stage the characters accordingly. The audience is always aware of where to look due to the lighting, the staging of the actors, angles and shot size, which all contribute to help deepen the characters arcs during the shots. In visual mediums such as film, certain human characteristics, angles, and lighting setups are instantly recognizable as being evil, threatening, or dominating. A dramatic low angle looking up toward an imposing figure can heighten the vulnerability of the character who i s at the mercy of the larger figure. A low camera angle makes characters and objects seem tall and powerful. A high camera angle gives the characters a diminished feel (Vineyard 15). Where the camera is stationed, whose point of view is being expressed, the size of the shot, and the distances between the subjects of the scene can all add to the arrangement of those dramatic elements. The scene opens with an establishing extreme wide shot of the interior gantry and then cuts to tighter master shot with the tiny figure of Luke moving around the railing making his way to the control room. The location is established, but the basic relationship between the wide and medium close-up of cuts becomes clear, heightening our sense that Luke is in danger. The viewer is familiar with the contrast of large, over-empowering background environments that swallow the tiny figure of Luke.   Star Wars is overwhelmingly cut according to mainstream Hollywood convention (Brooker 51). The shots are scal ed to the subject matter within the frame, in this case, a tiny Luke and the wide-open vastness of the interior gantry. The gantry is filled with low key lighting, creating a mood of pessimism and menace, heightening the viewers sense of unease. The size of interior of the gantry and Luke relate to one another proportionately. The kinetic effect of the sequences of shots builds an emotion and a feeling of trepidation for the audience (Davies). By varying the shot size between the characters and the size of the characters frame within the shot we instantly have a visual recognition between good and evil. Vaders large exaggerated samurai mass is shot from a low angle looking up. Instantly we cut back to a reverse shot of Luke from high angle looking down.   At this stage Luke cannot win through sheer physical power or skills (Henderson 87). After Luke enters the control room, we immediately hear the sound of a lightsaber before we glimpse the source of the sound, which is Vaders weapon. Vader then quickly lunges toward Luke. Here, a sound cut contributes and becomes a main motivator of fear heightening the viewers sense of unease, adding to the atmosphere.   The lightsaber sound is heard before the cut is made, signaling the threat before we see it. We can also see, in Star Wars, the continuation of Lucass earliest experiment with sound layering (Brooker 59). It becomes an integral element to creating an atmosphere of danger (Henderson). The wind, the lightsabers, and Vaders breathing all create an unbalanced framing of ideas, and the low-key lighting and fast movement contribute to the threat. Lucas had Ben Burt create a collage of familiar sounds in new combinations, that like pieced-together props and scuffed costumes, gives the sense of dropping on a convincing, fully operational universe (Brooker 60). Vaders menace is eminent. Luke is lit by the low-key lighting, while Vaders dark silhouette, appearing like a demon, attacks Luke. The contrast between light and dark in the cinematography reflects the difference between the villain and the protagonist. Quickly, we cut to a montage using close up lenses and tight framing shots which produce a claustrophobic feeling of terror, pessimism, menace, and anxiety. The use of wide angle lenses would not provide the feeling of anxiety that is created here through the use of tight framing (Davies). As Vader forces Luke back toward the gantry we cut to a low angle reverse sho t. This expresses Vaders dominating dynamic advantage. These angles put the characters in an adversarial relationship. Vader forces Luke backward and the focal length of the lens is increased and focused on the foreground framing the subject, Luke. Luke is beaten. The dismemberment of the hero or god is another archetypical occurrence in ancient myths (Henderson 87). This shot emphasizes Vader as the dominant background figure who has taken part of the flesh of the hero, Lukes hand. Because the eye is drawn to the highest area of contrast, lighting is also used, much like in theater, to spotlight area of contrasts and pull the eye in the composition of each shot. The best use of spotlighting in the shots is to support the drama. Luke is in danger during the beginning of the sequence and the low-key lighting and deep shadows create a visually darker tone that heightens our sense of unease. After Luke nicks Vaders shoulder, Vaders armor shoots sparks and smoke, followed up with a sequence of shots consisting of only faceless dark figures fighting (Davies ) The intensity is increased through the use of silhouettes with only streaks of rim lighting to define the forms. The flashes from the lightsabers and sparks define Luke and Vader to create a dark and dramatic scene. Rim lighting causes the audience to see less, but imagine more. Rim lit shadows are usually associated with suspense and drama and add interest for the viewer.   Vaders overpowering shape as he war ns Luke you are beaten puts him in a privileged position because we can see what Luke cannot. As Vader follows a fallen Luke, the wind subsides and there is nowhere for Luke to go to. Vader has not been able not able dominate Luke, so he now tries to seduce him (Henderson 88) The audience is completely aware of the emotional state of the characters as they are clearly defined through the use of the lighting and the various mis en scene tools. Vader is tempting Luke to the dark side. The lighting cast upon them is used to exploit this theme and accentuates the emotion. Monochromatic rim lighting frames Luke and Vader in a way that supports the story. Empire is shot in similar fashion to film noir or a Gustuv Dore painting, who used value and dramatic spotlights to illuminate certain parts of a composition in order to emphasize key archetypical patterns (Polson). The biggest difference with illustrations is that the viewers have more time to spend with an illustration as opposed to fi lm in which case the viewer has only seconds with the image. Contrast is another important element that can be used in order for the emotion to be read quickly. Contrast in design, just like contrast of lighting, is extremely important (Polson). Contrast can make things seem more exaggerated than they are. For example, in an illustration, if an artist wishes to make something feel cool in the picture they may add a warm color to the image. If an artist wishes for something to feel soft like snow, then then he or she may add a jagged mountain in the background. Luke and Vader are contrasts by design. In order for Vader to feel imposing, dark, and powerful to the viewer, the filmmaker may contrast those attributes with Luke by making him look smaller and lighter in complexion.   The obvious idea is that one object or person is large while the other is smaller. The shot size or the size of the objects within the shot reflect this idea, as discussed in the previous paragraph.   Filmmakers and storytellers break the universe down into simple sy mbols to help communicate the themes.   Vaders physical appearance, with a large black flowing cape, faceless mask and helmet (inspired of the Japanese Samurai) creates a classic demon or animal like appearance (Vogler). Lukes appearance is fair, he has blonde hair and his costuming is white and dirty yellow. Vaders appearance was described by Lucas to artist Ralph McQuarrie as looking like a dark lord riding the wind (Henderson 88). In conclusion, while Star Wars represents a simplistic view of the conflict of light versus dark, the black and white morality with good guys, the verisimilitude or believability of the films is due in part to the way which certain visual elements have been arranged and function within the films composition.